What is BOAS?
BOAS is a set of anatomical features that compress the airway: pinched nostrils (stenotic nares), an elongated soft palate, and a narrowed trachea. Not all Frenchies have BOAS. Modern responsible breeding is actively selecting against it.
Signs to watch for
Loud snoring or persistent snorting, exercise intolerance, blue gums after mild activity, difficulty in heat, and gagging or reverse sneezing episodes.
How responsible breeders reduce BOAS risk
Selecting for open nostrils and moderate palate length. Avoiding "extreme" facial features. Refusing to breed BOAS-affected parents.
Life management
Air-conditioning, gentle exercise, harness (never collar) for walks, weight management, and BOAS surgery when veterinary indicated.
What to ask your breeder
Ask specifically: "How do you screen for BOAS-friendly conformation in your program?" A responsible breeder can answer in one paragraph.